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Welcome to the Open Repository of research and development results of the Mendel University in Brno. The repository serves to archive Open Access publications of university authors. Publications are automatically sent from the OBD system to the repository in the DSpace system.

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Recent Submissions

Substrate Enrichment with Clinoptilolite: Limits and Possibilities for Container-Grown Seedling Propagation
(Springer Switzerland, 2025) Kučera, Aleš; Volánek, Jiří; Tomášová, Gabriela; Holík, Ladislav; Balková, Marie; Vichta, Tomáš; Samec, Pavel; Rosíková, Jana; Vranová, Valerie
This study examines the benefits of adding clinoptilolite (zeolite) to forest nursery substrates (growth medium) to optimise cultivation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings. Ten growth medium variants were tested, each consisting of a basic peat substrate (nutrient-enriched / non-enriched) with the addition of different quantities of zeolite in different forms (ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate-enriched / non-enriched). Zeolite had a limiting effect on plant growth, with greater seedling growth in substrates with a low proportion of zeolite (5%), and lower root biomass and root: shoot ratios in substrates with higher proportions. In the latter case, exchangeably-bound divalent base cations (Ca2 + and Mg2+) were enriched in both the sorption complex and aqueous solution due to cation exchange. At the same time, antagonistic K+ cations were depleted in leaves, despite high concentrations in the substrate. Higher doses also reduced above-ground height/root collar diameter, with substrate type as main cause, irrespective of zeolite content. These findings confirm a dose-dependent effect of zeolite, with low concentrations (5%) stimulating seedling growth and higher doses (especially 20%) leading to impaired rood development, primarily due to K+ deficiency caused by Ca2+ and Mg2+ antagonism. By identifying physiological thresholds for zeolite use in silvicultural substrates, we provide important new information for ensuring the success of European beech seedling cultivation for climate-resilient regeneration projects.
Variation in wood density between mature sessile oak and English oak trees growing in different vegetation zones
(Česká akademie zemědělských věd, 2025) Gryc, Vladimír; Giagli, Kyriaki; Mikhailov, Sergei; Stojanović, Marko; Tsalagkas, Dimitrios; Vavrčík, Hanuš; Horáček, Petr
Wood density is a fundamental functional trait influencing ecological adaptation, hydraulic safety, and timber utilisation in temperate hardwoods. This study investigated variation in wood density (12% moisture) across mature stands of two economically and ecologically vital European oak species, sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] and English oak (Quercus robur L.), growing in their characteristic vegetation zones in the Czech Republic. We assessed wood density at two heights (at 1.3 m and at the crown base) across six trees per plot and examined its relationship with tree-ring width and height. Results demonstrated statistically significant interspecific differences, with Q. petraea consistently exhibiting higher wood density (721 kg.mMINUS SIGN 3) than Q. robur (662 kg.mMINUS SIGN 3) at 1.3 m. Q. petraea showed a statistically nonsignificant higher density of 710 kg.mMINUS SIGN 3 at the crown base and an overall average of 717 kg.mMINUS SIGN 3, while Q. robur had densities of 701 kg.mMINUS SIGN 3 and 669 kg.mMINUS SIGN 3, respectively. Radial density profiles revealed species-specific patterns, with Q. robur showing a more uniform density distribution than the pronounced pith-to-bark gradients observed in Q. petraea. Regression analysis indicated that tree-ring width explained only 12-13% of the variance in density, so other anatomical factors, such as latewood proportion and tree-ring structure (number and cell size), should be examined as anatomical drivers of wood-density variation.
Vine Water Status Modulates the Physiological Response to Different Apical Leaf Removal Treatments in Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevines
(MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute-MDPI), 2025) Tosi, Vincenzo; Palai, Giacomo; Verosimile, Carmine Mattia; Pompeiano, Antonio; D’Onofrio, Claudio
Modulating the vine source-sink relationship is a proposed strategy to mitigate the detrimental effect of climate change frequently induced by elevated temperatures and water deficit conditions. In this regard, apical leaf removal could represent a reliable technique, even though its effects on grapevines subjected to different irrigation regimes are unexplored. This study aimed to clarify the effects of apical leaf removal applied before the onset of veraison (ELR) and during berry ripening (LLR, 16 oBrix) on grapevine physiology in vines subjected to full irrigation and water deficit conditions. The irrigation regimes prominently affected the vine physiological parameters over the leaf removal treatments. Both ELR and LLR vines showed transient increases in stem water potential only after the leaf removal. Consistently, the vine transpiration rate was similar between the leaf removal treatments, and even higher water consumption was measured in ELR well-watered vines, associated with new lateral growth. Significant increases in leaf gas-exchange parameters following ELR and LLR were observed only on the measurement dates immediately after the treatment application. However, both ELR and LLR vines consistently exhibited higher daytime net photosynthetic rates than the control, particularly in the afternoon and in the later stages of the season. These conditions led to a significant increase in the leaf total soluble solid concentration in LLR vines subjected to water deficit, which was also associated with a high carbon export rate. Our findings suggest that although apical leaf removal has a limiting effect on reducing the impact of water deficit on vine physiology, it can be an effective agronomic strategy to boost leaf carbon fixation and exportation, particularly when applied during ripening.
Role of Academia in Semiconductor Innovations: Between Freedom and Resilience
(TRAUNER Verlag + Buchservice GmbH, 2025) Ministr, Jan; Pitner, Tomáš
The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of semiconductor products, production processes, and strategic positioning of Central Europe, and the policies and institutional frameworks that shape global competitiveness in this critical industry. It examines national and regional strategies from major global players including the US, EU, China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Finally, it identifies institutional models facilitating the transition from research to innovation and the significance of university-led contributions to talent and innovation. The ultimate goal is to provide advices what study programs are vital for further scalable development of this industry and its applications, and what institutional instruments can the policymakers use to foster the semiconductor industry and innovation growth in Czechia and Europe.
Potential of Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in the context of global climate change in the Czech Republic
(Česká akademie zemědělských věd, 2025) Horák, Pavel; Jablonická, Petra; Knott, Robert
The introduction of non-native tree species is considered a potential adaptation strategy to global climate change (GCC) in the forestry sector. As some of the most widespread native species are undergoing stand disintegration due to both abiotic and biotic stressors, the search for alternative species becomes essential. These species can overwhelm native species with both production potential and adaptation to a changing climate. The research focused on climate-growth relationships of two introduced species of the Cupressaceae family, western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) and Lawson's cypress [Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl.], in comparison with the native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the northeast part of the Czech Republic. The constructed tree ring chronologies were used as a basis for dendroclimatological analyses: basal area increment (BAI), linear growth trends, Pearson's correlations between climate variables and growth, resilience indices and others. Among the analysed species, Thuja plicata revealed the highest BAI and the most positive growth trend in the last 35 years, with values 2–3 times higher. The Chamaecyparis lawsoniana exhibited the highest negative correlation with mean summer temperatures. In general, Pinus sylvestris showed the highest correlations with precipitation. No clear pattern in resilience indices has been observed. Among the two introduced tree species examined, Thuja plicata emerges as a particularly promising candidate for future application in Central European conditions under ongoing GCC.